Functionally graded aluminum matrix composites are of interest for applications requiring region-dependent mechanical and tribological performance. In this study, the micro-structure, hardness, and abrasive wear properties of functionally graded Al/ZrB2 compo-site materials produced by an in situ centrifugal casting method were investigated. The ZrB2 reinforcement phase was synthesized in situ within the molten aluminum matrix,…

In this study, ceramic samples with perlite additions in the range of 0–50% were sintered at 1050, 1150, and 1250 °C to investigate their effects on phase stability, microstructural evolution, and microstrain. The XRD patterns revealed that the quartz-dominant phase environment was preserved, and the broad amorphous hump at 2θ ≈ 8–16° persisted in all…

This study comparatively examines the effect of 50% perlite addition on phase assemblage, pore architecture, and mechanical behavior in pumice-based ceramic bodies sintered at 1150 °C, against the perlite-free reference P00. Fast-scan XRD (10–90° 2θ) indicates no new crystalline phases in either body and shows coincident peak positions. A semi-quantitative reading via window integration (RIR…

This study investigates the recycling of industrial waste copper chips generated during the processing of copper chips containing approximately 5% magnesium. An innovative patented modification was integrated with the classical solid-state sintering method to directly produce copper ingots from these wastes. Unlike conventional powder metallurgy techniques, the process employs a low-pressure (7 bar) and short-term…

This study aims to evaluate the influence of sintering temperature on the crystallographic features and elemental distribution of pumice–bauxite–clay based ceramic materials using standard characterization methods (XRD, SEM, EDS) and computational analysis via the Scherrer equation. The primary goal is to determine how varying sintering temperatures affect crystal size, microstrain, and elemental homogeneity—parameters that indirectly…

Iron and steel manufacturing generates significant industrial waste, including mill scale, rich in valuable metal content. This study investigates the potential of mill scale recovery for metallic iron and the use of almond shells as an organic substitute for coke in reduction processes. Carbonization conditions for almond shells and advanced milling methods for both mill…

Since the natural raw materials used in the manufacture of clay-based ceramic products vary greatly in the sintering stage, the resulting products are quite heterogeneous. In addition, different types of waste could be used to make ceramic tiles and bricks. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of pumice, bauxite, and ferrochrome slag on…

This study is concerned with the characterization of iron nuggets obtained from the reduction of an iron oxide concentrate in a microwave oven using a biomass-based reducing agent. In the experiments, the concentrate of iron ore consisting of hematite and magnetite minerals supplied from Elazig region and containing 67.29% Fe after enrichment, and as a…

Bioleaching applications with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f) have shown significant progress in recent years. Before being used in bioleaching applications, bacterial isolation processes must be performed and they must be provided to reach sufficient purity, activity, and population. For this, mediums are prepared by using various nutrient mixtures in different ratios. In this study, it was…

In this study, the characterization of the product obtained after the mechanical activation of B2O3 powders with aluminium metal powders, which is the first stage of elementary boron production by aluminothermic method, was investigated. For this purpose, B2O3 powders mixed with metallic aluminium powders in different Al/B2O3 ratios with a ball/ore ratio of 20/1 were…

This study has been conducted to determine whether iron nugget having similar features to pig iron that can be obtained after a period of nearly 8 hours under blast furnace conditions, could be obtained in shorter period. In our previous study, iron nugget was produced using carbon composite pellets obtained from magnetite ore at furnace…

In this study, carbon composite pellets were exposed to a reduction test under low temperature and semi-fusion conditions in which iron was melted without a solid form of slag deteriorated. The purpose of the reduction experiments under the semi-fusion condition was to produce an iron nugget which had physical and chemical properties similar to blast…

In this study, the carbonization of pine cones was investigated. For this purpose, pine cones placed in a covered pot were subjected to a carbonization process in a muffle type kiln at temperatures ranging from 400-800 oC and for 30-2160 minutes. As a result of carbonization process, the best results in terms of carbon and…

In this study, pyrolusiteore (MnO2) was subjected to mechanical milling with a high-energy mill with carbonized tea plant wastes and the effect of grinding time on the crystal structure of the material was investigated. The ratio of Mn/Fe was 8/1, the ratio of C/(MnO2+ Fe3O4) was 2 and the ratio of ball to ore was…

Soğuk bağlı kompozit peletlerin özelliği hammaddelerin soğukta sertleşen bir bağlayıcı, fl aks ve karbon içeren bir redükleyici ile karıştırılarak peletlenmesidir. Klasik pelet üretim tekniklerinde bağlayıcı olarak kullanılan bentonitin dışında, pişirme kademesine gerek kalmadan pelete yeterli mukavemeti kazandıran bağlayıcılar sayesinde pelet maliyeti düşmekte ve işlem süresi kısalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Divriği A kafa manyetit konsantresi, fl aks…

In this study, in the pelletizing process of iron ore concentrates in powder form, binding properties of the fly ash, which it is not used pelletizing process of the iron ores currently, and it’s combination together with various binders were investigated. In this purpose, the strength and porosity of the pellets produced using various binders…

Kompozit peletler,çesitli baglayıcı ve flaks kombinasyonları ile kok tozları ve demir cevheri konsantresi kullanılarak üretilip soguk baglanma teknikleri ile düsük sıcaklıklarda baglayıcının fizikokimyasal degisiklige ugramasıyla sertlestirilebilirler. Kok tozları ise peletin redüklenmesini saglamaktadır. Bu çalısmada Divrigi A kafa manyetit konsantresi ile baglayıcı olarak önce sadece jöle kullanılarak peletler üretilmis ve üretilen peletler 100,150,200,250 oC sıcaklıklarda 30,60,90,120…

Bu çalışmada Divriği A Kafa manyetit konsantresi kullanılarak bentonit yerine alternatif bağlayıcı ilavesiyle yüksek dayanıma sahip soğuk bağlı kompozit pelet üretilmesine çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla manyetit konsantresi ile% 30, 40, 50, 60 oranlarında organik esaslı bir bağlayıcı olan melas ile birlikte% 30 kok ve ilavesi yapılarak üretilen küresel peletlerin yaş ve kurutma sonrası basma dayanımları ölçülmüştür.%…

Modification of zeolite (clinoptilolite) surface with a quaternary amine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB), to improve the removal efficiency of reactive azo dyes in a zeolite fixed bed was investigated. A series of adsorption tests were conducted to find out the uptake of three types of reactive dyes, i.e. CI Reactive Black 5, Red 239…

Çayeli bakır işletmesine ait klastik siyah cevherin flotasyon yöntemi kullanılarak seçimli zenginleştirilmesinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada ilk önce cevherin karakterizasyonunu belirlemek amacıyla Tüvenan cevher üzerinde fiziksel, kimyasal ve minerolojik etüdler yapılmıştır. Zenginleştirme deneylerinin ilk adımı olan klasik flotasyon deneylerinde, reaktif miktarı reaktif cinsi ve kıvam süreleri belirlenmiştir. Klasik flotasyon deneyleri sonucunda en iyi akım şeması belirlenmiş…

Soğuk bağlı kompozit peletlerin özelliği hammaddelerin soğukta sertleşen bir bağlayıcı, flaks ve karbon içeren bir redükleyici ile karıştırılarak peletlenmesidir. Klasik pelet üretim tekniklerinde bağlayıcı olarak kullanılan bentonitin dışında, pişirme kademesine gerek kalmadan pelete yeterli mukavemeti kazandıran bağlayıcılar sayesinde pelet maliyeti düşmekte ve işlem süresi kısalmaktadır.

Modification of zeolite (clinoptilolite) surface with a quaternary amine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB), to improve the removal efficiency of reactive azo dyes in a zeolite fixed bed was investigated. A series of adsorption tests were conducted to find out the uptake of three types of reactive dyes, ie CI Reactive Black 5, Red 239…

Various biomaterials are used in the living body when necessary. These include biomaterials produced from metals and alloys, especially due to their superior mechanical properties. Metal biomaterials are mostly used as implants in the body. In addition to the biocompatibility of metal biomaterials, mechanical, corrosion resistance, etc. properties should also be appropriate. For this, the…

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ-Keban-Yukarı Çakmak bölgesinde bulunan Hun Madencilik’ten temin edilen ve zenginleştirildikten sonra %67,29 Fe içeren konsantre ve redükleyici olarak da, karbonize edildikten sonra %94,68 C içeren çay tesis atıkları kullanılarak bir mikrodalga fırında demir tanesi üretimi gerçekleştirildi. 45 µm tane boyutuna sahip konsantre baziklik oranı 1,2 olacak şekilde ayarlandıktan sonra, stokiyometrik oranın 2 katı…

In this study, it was aimed to produce cold hard enable composite pellets, which is the first step of iron and sponge iron production, and the effect of the binding rate on the compressive strengths of the pellets obtained using an organic binder was investigated. In the studies using Divriği A head magnetite concentrate, the…

Pellets containing particulate iron ore are used as a component of the feed in blast furnaces and DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) furnaces. Commercially available iron ore pellets are formed by heat induration at temperatures of approximately 1300 C. However, the heat-induration method has a number of drawbacks: the cost of production is high due to…

Soğuk bağlı kompozit peletlerin özelliği hammaddelerin soğukta sertleşen bir bağlayıcı ve kömürle karıştırılarak peletlenmesidir. Klasik peletlerde kullanılan bağlayıcı bentonitin dışında, pişirme kademesine gerek kalmadan pelete yeterli mukavemeti kazandıran bağlayıcılar sayesinde pelet maliyeti düşmekte ve işlem süresi kısalmaktadır.

Composite pellets are produced as a combination of various binder, fluxes, coke powder and iron concentration and also hardened by cold bonded or warm bonded at relatively lower heat treatment temperature with physical and chemical reactions. Coke powders are added for the reduction of iron ore pellets. In this study, firstly iron ore pellets was…